Endocrine Abstracts

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder characterised by hypercalcemia, skeletal fragility, and renal stones with majority (75%) of parathyroid tumours localized to the inferior parathyroid glands. The reasons for this natural bias are not known till date. A probable reason may be due to inherent differences in the molecular milieu of normal superior and inferior parathyroid glands. Such questions cannot be answered using superior and inferior parathy...

Introduction: Pheochromocytomas (PHEOs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells within adrenal medulla and autonomic paragranglia respectively. Recent evidences show that nearly one-third patients harbour germline mutation, namely in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), REarranged during Transfection (RET), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF 1) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex genes. However, the tumor morphology arising in various syndrom...

Background: The global incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) has witnessed a steady rise in the past three decades. Unfortunately, the survival rates remain low primarily due to late-stage diagnoses and a lack of specific and sensitive diagnostic markers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improved and efficient early diagnostic biomarkers. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have gained significant attention in the field of tumor growth and cancer metast...